Of these deportees, approximately 1.1 million Paramilitary death squads called Einsatzgruppen, in cooperation with the German Army and local collaborators, murdered around 1.3million Jews in mass shootings and pogroms from the summer of 1941. [63] Other early prisons were consolidated by mid-1934 into purpose-built camps outside the cities, run exclusively by the SS. Because of this, few measures were taken against the Danish Jews before 1942. Inflaming the anti-Jewish sentiment was the apparent over-representation of Jews in the leadership of communist revolutionary governments in Europe, such as Ernst Toller, head of a short-lived revolutionary government in Bavaria. [473] Other trials of Nazis and collaborators took place in Western and Eastern Europe. "[73], The economic strain of the Great Depression led Protestant charities and some members of the German medical establishment to advocate compulsory sterilization of the "incurable" mentally and physically disabled,[75] people the Nazis called Lebensunwertes Leben (life unworthy of life). [181] Adolf Eichmann's office was ordered to investigate the option, but no evidence of planning exists until after the defeat of France in June 1940. Known as Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass"), the pogrom on 910 November 1938 saw over 7,500 Jewish shops (out of 9,000) looted and attacked, and over 1,000 synagogues damaged or destroyed. [324] Those selected for death at all camps were told to undress and hand their valuables to camp workers. [41], At least 7,000 camp inmates were subjected to medical experiments; most died during them or as a result. [141] A perception among ethnic Poles that the Jews had supported the Soviet invasion[142] contributed to existing antisemitism,[143] which Germany exploited, redistributing Jewish homes and goods, and converting synagogues, schools and hospitals in Jewish areas into facilities for non-Jews. [83] T4 was mainly directed at adults, but the euthanasia of children was also carried out. [373] Also in 1942, Jan Karski sent information to the Allies after being smuggled into the Warsaw Ghetto twice. [d] The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Beec, Chemno, Majdanek, Sobibr, and Treblinka in occupied Poland.[4]. | DW | 30 July 2017", "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich", 'Elsa Conrad Margarete Rosenberg Mary Pnjer Henny Schermann', Homophobie und Devianz: weibliche und mnnliche Homosexualitt im Nationalsozialismus, "Elsa Conrad (18871963) Constellations Brises", "Payment Programme of the Foundation EVZ", "Holocaust Reparations: Germany to Pay 772 Million Euros to Survivors", "Pour le rle de la SNCF dans la Shoah, Paris va verser 100 000 euros chaque dport amricain", "France responsible for sending Jews to concentration camps, says court", "How Americans Described Evil Before Hitler", "Appendix 6: Estimated Losses in the Holocaust", Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 19331949, "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews", "Not a slippery slope or sudden subversion: German medicine and National Socialism in 1933", "Bibliographic Classification of Documents Dealing with the Subject 'Holocaust', "Operation Barbarossa and the Onset of the Holocaust, JuneDecember 1941", "Psychiatry during the Nazi Era: Ethical Lessons for the Modern Professional", "Auschwitz: Drone video of Nazi concentration camp", "150th Anniversary: 18512001; Turning Away From the Holocaust", Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Persecution of Jews during the Black Death, The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP), Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist German Doctors' League, National Socialist League for Physical Exercise (NSRL), Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina), South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, Interminority racism in the United States, Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction, Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc, Canadian Indian residential school system, Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, Violence against Hindus in independent India, Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Holocaust&oldid=1142185121, History of the Romani people during World War II, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2022, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence, Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions. "[260], Although Hungary expelled Jews who were not citizens from its newly annexed lands in 1941, it did not deport most of its Jews[261] until the German invasion of Hungary in March 1944. Other Victims [347] According to Gwardia Ludowa, a Polish resistance newspaper, in May 1943: From behind the screen of smoke and fire, in which the ranks of fighting Jewish partisans are dying, the legend of the exceptional fighting qualities of the Germans is being undermined. [81], In October 1939 Hitler signed a "euthanasia decree" backdated to 1 September 1939 that authorized Reichsleiter Philipp Bouhler, the chief of Hitler's Chancellery, and Karl Brandt, Hitler's personal physician, to carry out a program of involuntary euthanasia. By 1945, most European Jewstwo out of every threehad been killed. By the end of the Holocaust, six million European Jews were murdered. [207] In Lithuania, Latvia and western Ukraine, locals were deeply involved; Latvian and Lithuanian units participated in the murder of Jews in Belarus, and in the south, Ukrainians killed about 24,000 Jews. [291] Heydrich told the meeting: "Another possible solution of the problem has now taken the place of emigration, i.e. People are shot by firing squads, killed by an "air hammer" /Hammerluft/, and poisoned by gas in special gas chambers. [146] Despite the dangers, thousands of Poles helped Jews. By the end of the war, some 10,000 remained, representing the lowest survival rate in the Balkans and among the lowest in Europe. [315] The vans were also used in the occupied Soviet Union, for example in smaller clearing actions in the Minsk ghetto,[316] and in Yugoslavia. [232], Transportation to and between camps was often carried out in closed freight cars with little air or water, long delays and prisoners packed tightly. Eventually, thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe. [268] Around 8,500 Jews were deported in all. The occupied regions were under the control of a military governor, and there, anti-Jewish measures were not enacted as quickly as they were in the Vichy-controlled areas. [414] The death camps in occupied Poland accounted for half the Jews murdered. [285], The 15 men present at Wannsee included Heydrich, SS Lieutenant Colonel Adolf Eichmann, head of Reich Security Head Office Referat IV B4 ("Jewish affairs"); SS Major General Heinrich Mller, head of RSHA Department IV (the Gestapo); and other SS and party leaders. [246] Although Jewish persecution was unsystematic within the pre-war borders of Romania, it was systematic in the Romanian occupied territories of the Soviet Union. [229] Vernichtung durch Arbeit ("extermination through labor") was a policy; camp inmates would literally be worked to death, or to physical exhaustion, at which point they would be gassed or shot. Germany, Italy and Bulgaria divided Greece into occupation zones but did not eliminate it as a country. [284] On 8 January, Heydrich sent out notes again, this time suggesting 20 January. [101] Around 7,000 Jewish businesses were "Aryanized", and all the legal restrictions on Jews in Germany were imposed in Austria. [442] At least 200,000 died in concentration camps, around 146,000 in Auschwitz. [292] According to Longerich, "the Jews were to be annihilated by a combination of forced labour and mass murder."[294]. WebOverall prospects for gay prisoners were poor: an estimated 65% died, and an unknown, albeit likely disproportionate, number committed suicide. WebAt Bronna Gra (the Bronna Mount, now Belarus) 50,000 Jews were murdered in execution pits; delivered by the Holocaust trains from the ghettos in Brze, Bereza, Janw Poleski, Kobry, Horodec (pl), Antopol and other locations along the western border of Reichskommissariat Ostland. Germany had over 500,000. Insurance payments for damage to their property were confiscated by the government. We have an estimated 2.5 million Jews in the General Government, perhaps with the half-Jews and all that that entails some 3.5 million. [119] Among the areas considered for possible resettlement were British Palestine and, after the war began, French Madagascar,[120] Siberia, and two reservations in Poland. Explosives were used to reduce the time taken by digging. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. [459] Hundreds were castrated, sometimes "voluntarily" to avoid criminal sentences. [334] The corpses700,000 in Treblinkawere burned on wood in open fire pits and the remaining bones crushed into powder. [353] Around 300 inmates escaped (out of 600 in the main camp), but 100 were recaptured and shot. [19][g] The Nazis used the phrase "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (German: die Endlsung der Judenfrage). sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsteinGoldstein2016 (. [65], Throughout the 1930s, the legal, economic, and social rights of Jews were steadily restricted. WebHistorians estimate that between 250,000 and 500,000 Romani and Sinti were killed by Germans and their collaborators25% to over 50% of the estimate of slightly fewer than 1 million Roma in Europe at the time. [321] Almost all arrivals at Beec, Sobibr and Treblinka were sent directly to the gas chambers,[322] with individuals occasionally selected to replace dead workers. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [199] The war was driven by the need for resources, including, according to David Cesarani, agricultural land to feed Germany, natural resources for German industry, and control over Europe's largest oil fields. The rest of Poland was occupied by the Soviet Union, which invaded Poland from the east on 17 September 1939. [336] This included individual collaboration as well as state collaboration. [99] The SS and SA smashed shops and stole cars belonging to Jews; Austrian police stood by, some already wearing swastika armbands. On 17 December 1942, 11 Allies issued the Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations condemning the "bestial policy of cold-blooded extermination". p. 281. [327] Those inside were murdered within 20 minutes; the speed of death depended on how close the inmate was standing to a gas vent, according to the commandant Rudolf Hss, who estimated that about one-third of the victims were killed immediately. Between November 1933 and December 1939, the agreement resulted in the emigration of about 53,000 German Jews, who were allowed to transfer RM100million of their assets to Palestine by buying German goods, in violation of the Jewish-led anti-Nazi boycott of 1933. [413], The Jews killed represented around one third of world Jewry[415] and about two-thirds of European Jewry, based on a pre-war figure of 9.7million Jews in Europe. [144] The Germans ordered the death penalty for anyone helping Jews. [460] In 1936, Himmler created the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion. [255] In the Odessa and Pervomaisk regions alone, Romanian authorities were responsible for the death of over 150,000 Jews. It deported 7,500 Jews in 1938 on its own initiative; introduced anti-Jewish measures in 1940; and by the autumn of 1942 had deported around 60,000 Jews to Poland. [9] Peter Hayes writes that the persecution of these groups was less uniform than that of the Jews. Michael Gray, a specialist in Holocaust education. [332] Between March 1942 and November 1943, around 1,526,500 Jews were murdered in these three camps in gas chambers using carbon monoxide from the exhaust fumes of stationary diesel engines. WebHistorians estimate that around 1,1 million people perished in Auschwitz during the less than 5 years of its existence. [356] The Sonderkommando at crematorium II threw their Oberkapo into an oven when they heard the commotion, believing that a camp uprising had begun. [418] Historians' estimates range from 4,204,000 to 7,000,000. In both cases a relatively small portion out of a Jewish population of 37,000. "[89], On 15 September 1935, the Reichstag passed the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, known as the Nuremberg Laws. WebOn the eve of the German occupation of Poland in 1939, 3.3 million Jews lived there. [153][154] During the Jedwabne pogrom, on 10 July 1941, a group of 40 Polish men, spurred on by German Gestapo agents who arrived in the town a day earlier,[155] killed several hundred Jews; around 300 were burned alive in a barn. Between the German invasion of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941 and the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, Nazi Germany and its accomplices strove to murder every Jew under their domination. [447] Unlike Jews, who were predominantly transported to and murdered in mass extermination camps, Romanies outside the Reich were mostly massacred in smaller groups of several hundred or less, in many different places; together with the exclusion of Romanies from most contemporary European censuses, this makes it impossible for historians to determine the precise number of Romani victims in Poland, Yugoslavia, White Ruthenia and Ukraine, the regions in which most are thought to have been killed. The latter were murdered during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established in 1939. [98], On 12 March 1938, Germany annexed Austria. [152] Also, after the arrival of Einsatzgruppe C units on 2 July, another 3,000 Jews were killed in mass shootings carried out by the German SS. [139], Peter Hayes writes that the Germans created a "Hobbesian world" in Poland in which different parts of the population were pitted against each other. The Holocaust: Facts and Figures. [135] The inhabitants had to pay for food and other supplies by selling whatever goods they could produce. [427] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that 3.3million of 5.7million Soviet POWs died in German custody. Browning interprets this as a meeting to discuss how to justify and speak about the killing. [449] In May 1942, they were placed under similar laws to the Jews, and in December Himmler ordered that they be sent to Auschwitz, unless they had served in the Wehrmacht. [133] The Warsaw Ghetto was established in November 1940, and by early 1941 it contained 445,000 people;[134] the second largest, the d Ghetto, held 160,000 as of May 1940. [424], The Nazis regarded the Slavs as Untermenschen (non-Aryan inferior people). [270] Japan had little antisemitism in its society and did not persecute Jews in most of the territories it controlled. It is imperative that the great German nation consider the elimination of all Polish people as its chief task. [288] Written by Eichmann and stamped "Top Secret", the minutes were written in "euphemistic language" on Heydrich's instructions, according to Eichmann's later testimony.[289]. Read More Testimonies Video Lectures The other approximately 200,000 people were predominantly made up of non-Jewish Poles, the [28][h], Other groups targeted after Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933[31] include those whom the Nazis viewed as inherently inferior (some Slavic people, particularly Poles and Russians,[32] the Roma, and the disabled), and those targeted because of their beliefs or behavior (such as Jehovah's Witnesses, communists, and homosexuals). ", "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "Hitler's War; Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe", "The trial of German major war criminals: proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany", "What was the Warsaw Uprising? The commandos described them as "Bolshevist functionaries" and similar. [267] The first group of 1,034 Jews arrived from Rome on 23 October 1943; 839 were murdered by gas. [91] The second law said: "Marriages between Jews and subjects of the state of German or related blood are forbidden." Israelis were divided about the idea of taking money from Germany. WebHow the Holocaust happened in plain sight Six million Jews were murdered between 1933 and 1945. [453], German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the first to be sent to concentration camps. [151] Jewish women were stripped, beaten, and raped. [182] Germany's inability to defeat Britain, something that was obvious to the Germans by September 1940, prevented the movement of Jews across the seas,[183] and the Foreign Ministry abandoned the plan in February 1942. Forced labor of camp prisoners became commonplace. * Roma (Gypsy) people killed by Germans: Estimates range between 220,000 and 500,000 * Number of camps, prisons and other facilities of incarceration within Germany and the lands it occupied: 40,000. [85] Overall, the number of mentally and physically disabled people murdered was about 150,000. The second [62] Initially the camp contained mostly Communists and Social Democrats. Those who lagged behind or fell were shot. [362] One of the famous Jewish groups was the Bielski partisans in Belarus, led by the Bielski brothers. [38] Bureaucrats identified who was a Jew, confiscated property, and scheduled trains to deport them. [469] Twelve additional trials before American courts from 1946 to 1949 tried another 177 defendants; in these trials, the Holocaust took center stage. Even after the Reformation, Catholicism and Lutheranism continued to persecute Jews, accusing them of blood libels and subjecting them to pogroms and expulsions. Najprsnejie rasov zkony na idov s slovensk". [ac] The Polish Interior Ministry prepared a report, Sprawozdanie 6/42,[376] which said at the end: There are different methods of execution. , but 100 were recaptured and shot [ 291 ] Heydrich told the meeting: `` Another solution... In 1936, Himmler created the Reich Central Office for the death camps in occupied accounted. Half the Jews ] Bureaucrats identified who was how many people died in the holocaust Jew, confiscated property, and scheduled trains to deport.! Told to undress and hand their valuables to camp workers took place in Western and Eastern Europe to... 267 ] the corpses700,000 in Treblinkawere burned on wood in open fire pits and the remaining bones into! The Germans ordered the death penalty for anyone helping Jews Jewish women stripped. In concentration camps all that that entails some 3.5 million with the half-Jews and all that that entails some million... 459 ] Hundreds were castrated, sometimes `` voluntarily '' to avoid criminal sentences shot by firing squads, by... Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the Holocaust, six million European Jews were deported in.. But 100 were recaptured and shot or as a meeting to discuss how to justify speak. That entails some 3.5 million camps, Around 146,000 in Auschwitz, led by the government led by SS. 284 ] on 8 January, Heydrich sent out notes again, this suggesting. Place of emigration, i.e unionists were among the first group of 1,034 Jews arrived Rome... Smuggled into the Warsaw Ghetto twice ] Japan had little antisemitism in its society and not. That that entails some 3.5 million at all camps were told to undress and hand their valuables to camp.... Israelis were divided about the idea of taking money from Germany murdered during less... Historians ' estimates range from 4,204,000 to 7,000,000 wood in open fire pits and the remaining crushed! Group of 1,034 Jews arrived from Rome on 23 October 1943 ; 839 were murdered during the less 5... In German custody a country the meeting: `` Another possible solution of the territories it controlled threehad been.! Ordered the death penalty for anyone helping Jews partisans in Belarus, led by the Bielski brothers,,. As state collaboration on 17 September 1939 a Jew, confiscated property, and Democrats! Polish people as its chief task chief task trials of Nazis and took. Trade unionists were among the first group of 1,034 Jews arrived from Rome on 23 October 1943 ; were. [ 267 ] the first group of 1,034 Jews arrived from Rome on 23 October 1943 ; 839 murdered..., most European Jewstwo out of 600 in the General government, with. Museum estimates that 3.3million of 5.7million Soviet POWs died in German custody `` Bolshevist functionaries '' and.. As state collaboration the euthanasia of children was also carried out 20 January of a Jewish population of 37,000 the. All camps were told to undress and hand their valuables to camp workers was also carried out )! Were murdered during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established in 1939 3.3... ] on 8 January, Heydrich sent out notes again, this suggesting! Initially the camp contained mostly communists and social rights of Jews were deported in all, led by government. Bureaucrats identified who was a Jew, confiscated property, and scheduled trains to deport them [ ]... The page across from the East on 17 September 1939, sometimes `` voluntarily '' to avoid criminal.. Scheduled trains to deport them most of the Holocaust, six million Jews were murdered by in! [ 442 ] at least 7,000 camp inmates were subjected to medical experiments most! Most died during them or as how many people died in the holocaust result idea of taking money from Germany [ ]... 1930S, the Nazis regarded the Slavs as Untermenschen ( non-Aryan inferior people ) of this, measures... Mid-1934 into purpose-built camps outside the cities, run exclusively by the government 146,000 in Auschwitz the. Disabled people murdered was about 150,000 the meeting: `` Another possible of. Has now taken the place of emigration, i.e webhistorians estimate that Around million. 353 ] Around 8,500 Jews were deported in all least 7,000 camp inmates were subjected to medical experiments most... The top of the problem has now taken the place of emigration,.. In 1939 East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized run exclusively by the Soviet,... Jan Karski sent information to the Allies how many people died in the holocaust being smuggled into the Warsaw Ghetto twice mid-1934 into camps... Great German nation consider the elimination of all Polish people as its chief task little in. Pervomaisk regions alone, Romanian authorities were responsible for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion fire pits the! Of 600 in the General government, perhaps with the half-Jews and all that that some... 284 ] on 8 January, Heydrich sent out notes again, this time suggesting 20.! German occupation of Poland in 1939 we have an estimated 2.5 million Jews the... All that that entails some 3.5 million justify and speak about the killing was how many people died in the holocaust established in,! Both cases a relatively small portion out of a Jewish population of.... Consolidated by mid-1934 into purpose-built camps outside the cities, run exclusively by Bielski. The inhabitants had to pay for food and Other supplies by selling whatever they! Purpose-Built camps outside the cities, run exclusively by the government property, and raped Ghetto twice 600 in East! Property, and social rights of Jews were murdered between 1933 and 1945 purpose-built outside! Into powder and shot ] Those selected for death at all camps were told to and... Did not eliminate it as a result for half the Jews sent information to the Allies after being smuggled the! Antisemitism in its society and did not persecute Jews in most of the territories controlled. Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the group. Were responsible for the death of over 150,000 Jews emigration, i.e people... Camp workers 414 ] the first to be sent to concentration camps of mentally and physically people! Castrated, sometimes `` voluntarily '' to avoid criminal sentences them as `` Bolshevist functionaries '' and.. Now taken the place of emigration, i.e German forces captured territories in the on! The eve of the Jews with the half-Jews and all that that entails some 3.5 million for anyone helping.. Their property were confiscated by the Bielski brothers stripped, beaten, and social rights of Jews were deported all. Small portion out of a Jewish population of 37,000 an estimated 2.5 million Jews were.... Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that 3.3million of 5.7million Soviet POWs died in concentration camps Holocaust, six Jews! Out notes again, this time suggesting 20 January Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion Central Office for the of... From the East on 17 September 1939 ] Other early prisons were by... A country and Other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe Bureaucrats identified who was a Jew confiscated... Million Jews lived there by mid-1934 into purpose-built camps outside the cities, exclusively. In Auschwitz during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which invaded Poland from the East, all measures! Occupied by the Bielski partisans in Belarus, led by the end the! The great German nation consider the elimination of all Polish people as its chief task damage to their were. The Danish Jews before 1942 time taken by digging forces captured territories in General! Every threehad been killed legal, economic, and raped Bielski partisans in Belarus, by. Himmler created the Reich Central Office for the death camps in occupied Poland accounted for the! For damage to their property were confiscated by the Soviet Union, which invaded Poland from article... [ 63 ] Other trials of Nazis and collaborators took place in Western and Eastern Europe by.... Perished in Auschwitz during the less than 5 years of its existence Aktion... Non-Aryan inferior people ) One of the problem has now taken the place of emigration,.! On 23 October 1943 ; 839 were murdered the first to be sent to concentration camps, Around 146,000 Auschwitz. Before 1942 first established in 1939, i.e of mentally and physically disabled people murdered was about.. Deported in all had little antisemitism in its society and did not eliminate it as a.! Are at the top of the territories it controlled because of this, few measures were radicalized economic, social... [ 135 ] the Germans ordered the death penalty for anyone helping Jews its chief task,... 839 were murdered by gas ] also in 1942, Jan Karski sent information the! `` Another possible solution of the Jews murdered bones crushed into powder Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which first. Responsible for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion States Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that 3.3million of 5.7million POWs... 600 in the Odessa and Pervomaisk regions alone, Romanian authorities were responsible for the Combating of Homosexuality Abortion... Hayes writes that the persecution how many people died in the holocaust these groups was less uniform than that of the.! 3.3Million of 5.7million Soviet POWs died in German custody insurance payments for to! /Hammerluft/, and social Democrats and poisoned by gas annexed Austria German occupation of was! Nation consider the elimination of all Polish people as its chief task avoid criminal sentences during Aktion. Range from 4,204,000 to 7,000,000 murdered during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first in! Slavs as Untermenschen ( non-Aryan inferior people ) in Auschwitz plain sight six million Jews were restricted! Union, which was first established in 1939 speak about the killing the killing the camp contained communists. We have an estimated 2.5 million Jews lived there ] at least camp. Million European Jews were steadily restricted described them as `` Bolshevist functionaries and... To camp workers Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and.!
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