The decision applies only to the nine Western states under the Ninth Circuit court's jurisdiction: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. This salute accompanied the Balch pledge and instructed students to stand with their right hand outstretched toward the flag, the fingers of which are then brought to the forehead, followed by being placed flat over the heart, and finally falling to the side. 727-821-9494. stated on April 26, 2020 in a Facebook post: Students no longer say the Pledge of Allegiance in schools. Stones dissent stressed that the majority was upholding a law that coerced children to express a sentiment in violation of their deepest religious convictions. This is a controversy because students being forced to stand and say the Pledge of Allegiance goes against our freedom of speech stated in the First Amendment. One parent said her children recited the pledge "every day in school last year.". Francis Bellamy originally wrote the pledge as, I pledge allegiance to my flag and the Republic for which it stands one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all. Many additional words have been added since then, making it now state, I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.. To contribute, please fill out this Google Form. Others argue that it is simply just a patriotic action and shows respect for our country and that absolutely everyone should partake in it. While the pledge is something we all learn in school, I don't think many of us were aware it's a legal requirement . The choice to add religion to the pledge has been highly controversial and is still debated today. [77], In February 2015 New Jersey Superior Court Judge David F. Bauman dismissed a lawsuit, ruling that " the Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the rights of those who don't believe in God and does not have to be removed from the patriotic message. Every morning, children and teachers across the nation start their day by reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. This is a video of kids in an Oregon Elementary School saying the Pledge of Allegiance during a Gym Assembly. Many people want the Pledge of Allegiance completely removed from schools. This reversal can be achieved in only two ways: (1) The U.S. Supreme Court has the power to overturn this decision and should immediately call a special session for this purpose; (2) A Constitutional Amendment passed by the U.S. Congress, and also passed by 37 of our 50 state legislatures, can overrule this terrible decision and guarantee that no future court can ever do such a dastardly thing again. Is it possible to separate art from the artist? . The New York Times, March 25, 2004. When trying to understand which schools still say the pledge and which do not, local demographics, organizational values, and political convictions are the strongest determining factors. [59][60], In 2004, linguist Geoffrey Nunberg said the original supporters of the addition thought that they were simply quoting Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, but to Lincoln and his contemporaries, "under God" meant "God willing", so they would have found its use in the Pledge of Allegiance grammatically incorrect and semantically odd. The district corrected its earlier statement, saying this week: While many believe that its recitation is an important means of kindling patriotism in our youth, others protest that it violates the right to freedom of speech. Hudson, David L. Jr. and Freddie Wolf. "[65], In 2006, in the Florida case Frazier v. Alexandre, a federal district court in Florida ruled that a 1942 state law requiring students to stand and recite the Pledge of Allegiance violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. The Pledge of Allegiance has been a part of American life since 1892, . The Pledge of Allegiance was only one of "The Youth's Companion"'s campaigns to promote patriotism in the nation's schools. Over the next two years, the idea spread throughout Knights of Columbus organizations nationwide. Politics is the reason the Pledge of Allegiance is recited every day in our schools. The motivation of patriotism and capitalism began the emergence of the Pledge of Allegiance in schools. Some at the school are still bothered by the pledges message. Affirmed by court decisions, children can choose whether they sit or stand during the Pledge and whether they recite it. National Constitution Center, June 14, 2018. It is not enough to simply repeat the words liberty and justice for all if students have no concept of what that effort entails. Eisenhower acted on his suggestion the next day and on February 8, 1954, Rep. Charles Oakman (R-Mich.), introduced a bill to that effect. Due to a combination of hybrid learning, the pandemic, and other factors, the Pledge of Allegiance was not recited on a daily basis last year. These students are the ones who will have the keenest eye for social justice, and it is the job of parents and teachers alike to cultivate and preserve the innate senses of equality and unity. Americas most common form of paying respect to a national emblem or symbol, the flag salute with the Pledge of Allegiance, started as part of a nationwide public school observance in 1892 honoring the four-hundredth anniversary of Columbuss discovery of America. The Witnesses brought suits in six states to compel readmission of their children and lost each time. [74][75], In September 2013, a case was brought before the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, arguing that the pledge violates the Equal Rights Amendment of the Constitution of Massachusetts. In 1924, the phrase my flag was replaced with the phrase the flag of the United States of America to help clarify the focus of the recitation and to promote the American ideal of unity. The Pledge of Allegiance is a single sentence recited throughout the United States in schools, at public events, during patriotic ceremonies, and so forth. Whatever each child chooses to do, should be 100% respected by all. As a socialist, he had initially also considered using the words equality and fraternity[29] but decided against it. Two landmark Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s banned prayer in public school, and subsequent decisions . (My better hal. Instead, they may sit quietly during its recitation. Copyright Office, Copyright search for "The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag", "I can't believe they still make students recite the Pledge of Allegiance", "Court upholds 'under God' in Pledge of Allegiance", "The Dangerous Fallacy of Ceremonial Deism: Governmental religious expressions are not harmless", "I Might Have Guessed Parson Weems Would Figure In There Somewhere", "Federal judge rules Pledge of Allegiance is unconstitutional", "Frazier v. Alexandre, No. Challengers to the Pledge believe it violates their protection under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment which respects free speech in regards to religion. WICHITA, Kan. (KSNW) - Several schools across the area have been receiving threats of active shootings. Parker's bill says that students in Arizona's public schools "shall recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States flag" unless they are 18 or have a parent's permission to opt out. 20006, Florida [citation needed]. On August 21, 1952, the Supreme Council of the Knights of Columbus at its annual meeting adopted a resolution urging that the change be made universal, and copies of this resolution were sent to the President, the Vice President (as Presiding Officer of the Senate), and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. On four occasions in the 1930s the Supreme Court refused petitions for certiorari from these rulings. Oath of Allegiance. The Witnesses were decidedly unpopular in the 1930s and 1940s because of their methods of aggressive proselytizing and their repeated and severe condemnations of other religions. But, as CNN reported in 2019, its still "recited in schools across the US every day by students standing stiffly with their hands over their hearts.". "[71], On November 12, 2010, in a unanimous decision, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Boston affirmed a ruling by a New Hampshire lower federal court which found that the pledge's reference to God does not violate non-pledging students' rights if student participation in the pledge is voluntary. President Eisenhower had been baptized a Presbyterian very recently, just a year before. At this time, the nation was still recovering from the effects of the end of the civil war, and the wording of this pledge was Bellamy's attempt to unite the nation through a mutual allegiance of patriotism. This campaign led to several official attempts to prompt Congress to adopt the Knights of Columbus policy for the entire nation. By June 29, 1892, Bellamy and Upham had arranged for Congress and President Benjamin Harrison to announce a proclamation making the public school flag ceremony the center of the Columbus Day celebrations. At the end of the day, or the beginning of the day in this case, I think its important that we can remind ourselves that we are all one people.. While coming up with ideas for the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival to the New World, Bellamy penned the Pledge of Allegiance. Further complicating the situation was congressional passage of a joint resolution codifying the rules of flag etiquette. States that require the pledge be recited, with no clear exemptions. - Christopher Columbus, The Pledge Of Allegiance And 'Under God' - Yes, There's A Connection The flag 'cherished by all our hearts' should not be soiled . , 26 Feb. 2019, thehill.com/opinion/education/431719-can-schools-require-students-to-say-the-pledge-of-allegiance. At a meeting on February 12, 1948,[36] he led the society in reciting the pledge with the two words "under God" added. 4.6k. For the oath used in U.S. naturalization ceremonies, see, "Under God" redirects here. Requiring or promoting of the Pledge on the part of the government has continued to draw criticism and legal challenges on several grounds. An image thats being shared widely on social media reminiscences about the old days, and bemoans the political-correctness of contemporary times. ORS 339.875 Procurement, display and salute of flags. Francis Bellamy (1855-1931) was a Baptist minister known for creating the original U.S. [79][80] He noted, "As a matter of historical tradition, the words 'under God' can no more be expunged from the national consciousness than the words 'In God We Trust' from every coin in the land, than the words 'so help me God' from every presidential oath since 1789, or than the prayer that has opened every congressional session of legislative business since 1787.". Flag", "When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute? If students are not educated about the history of the United States of America, the Pledge of Allegiance could very well be reduced to an ignorant form of indoctrination at worst, and a meaningless recitation at best. Bettmann / Corbis. Beginning with the new word allegiance, I first decided that 'pledge' was a better school word than 'vow' or 'swear'; and that the first person singular should be used, and that 'my' flag was preferable to 'the. Over the years, phrases in the pledge have been added and substituted. [69] Judge Stephen Reinhardt dissented, writing that "the state-directed, teacher-led daily recitation in public schools of the amended 'under God' version of the Pledge of Allegiance violates the Establishment Clause of the Constitution. Pledge of Allegiance [electronic resource]. In 1940, the Supreme Court, in Minersville School District v. Gobitis, ruled that students in public schools, including the respondents in that caseJehovah's Witnesses who considered the flag salute to be idolatrycould be compelled to swear the Pledge. Create an account to start this course today. The . The phrase under God was only added to the Pledge of Allegiance in 1954 to distinguish America from the largely atheistic Soviet Union, over a decade after West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette. Putin decimates another adrenochrome warehouse in Ukraine.. The previous two decades had been rife with anti-religious campaigns throughout the USSR, and many Americans felt that their own spiritual devotion not only contributed to the cause of religious freedom, but was the very thing that upheld it in the face of communist forces. One specific place it is especially debated, though, is in schools. Many do not necessarily respect our country, however, and refuse to stand or recite the pledge. But states can . The Pledge of Allegiance has developed a complicated history in recent years. [5][6][7] In 1892, Francis Bellamy revised Balch's verse as part of a magazine promotion surrounding the World's Columbian Exposition, which celebrated the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the Americas. The Founding Fathers rose up against British tyranny, rejecting their patriotism and loyalty to the British empire to forge their own nation. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [67], In 2009, a Montgomery County, Maryland, teacher berated and had school police remove a 13-year-old girl who refused to say the Pledge of Allegiance in the classroom. The Pledge of Allegiance is a single sentence recited throughout the United States in schools, at public events, during patriotic ceremonies, and so forth. 1942: After many years of revisions by school boards across the nation, Congress created a code of etiquette which described the pledge to be right hand over heart facing the flag until the pledge had ended. Students were instructed to stand with their right hand stretched out towards the flag. The Jehovahs Witnesses filed a class-action lawsuit in Charleston, West Virginia, in August 1942, and the case was heard by a three-judge panel, which decided unanimously in favor of the children, who were readmitted to school promptly. The Pledge was supposed to be quick and to the point. In this single sentence, Americans everywhere, every day, are perpetuating a powerful message. It contains 31 carefully selected words: I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of Americaand to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all., The pledge was originally published in a youth magazine, The Youths Companion, in 1892. All submissions are subject to review before publication. David Mikkelson founded the site now known as snopes.com back in 1994. Please sign the petition below and help us gather 1,000,000 American names which will be forwarded immediately to the nine Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, all 535 members of the U.S. Congress, all 50 state governors, every member of our 50 state legislatures, and President George W. Bush. Hana M. Ryman and J. The decision was put on hold pending a review by the full court, and the general expectation was that the ruling would be reconsidered at that time. The words "Under God" were officially added in 1954. Dr. Newdow had argued that his daughter's First Amendment rights were infringed because she has been forced to "watch and listen as her state-employed teacher in her state-run school leads her classmates in a ritual proclaiming that there is a God, and that ours is 'one nation under God. Pledge of Allegiance. Today, the words of the Pledge of Allegiance reads: I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all," it says. Famously quoted for his explanation of American ideals surrounding the Pledge of Allegiance, Justice Robert Jackson once wrote: If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.. At Whittier Tech in Massachusetts, "each day, teachers will take attendance, classes will say the pledge of allegiance and announcements will be given," according to a Sept. 18 press release from the high school about welcoming students back to campus. You might not know this, but 47 states currently have laws requiring students to recite the pledge of allegiance, including California (who sort of gets around this by leaving oversight to each school district.) I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. He said that the words came from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. [48], A musical setting for "The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag" was created by Irving Caesar, at the suggestion of Congressman Louis C. Rabaut whose House Resolution 243 to add the phrase "under God" was signed into law on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. During . I wonder from the point of view that staying quietly seated gives students a choice, if this really is a free choice? The First Amendment of the US Constitution states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. In other words, no government institution, including public schools, can unduly advance, inhibit, or excessively involve with religion. Mark Alcorn. Can Schools Require Students to Say the Pledge of Allegiance?. However, on 28 February 2003 the Ninth Circuit court declined to reconsider, and the decision was again temporarily stayed to give the school district 90 days to ask the Supreme Court to review the ruling. (b-1) The board of trustees of each school district and the governing board of each open-enrollment charter school shall require that the United States and Texas flags be prominently displayed in accordance with 4 U.S.C. ", "U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ruled the Pledge of Allegiance to the U.S. First-grade students in Baltimore say the Pledge of Allegiance to the American flag in June 1955. Credit: Richard Stacks/Baltimore Sun/Tribune News Service via Getty Images. The Court has not struck "under God" from the pledge. In 1954, nearly sixty years after the Pledge of Allegiance had first been penned, Congress made one final, bold change, adding the phrase under God. Amidst the unprecedented, thickening tensions of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, President Eisenhower urged Congress to pen the spiritual distinction. Opting for public school wouldn't free my kids of an expectation to say the Pledge of Allegiance, for examplein fact, they might be asked say it even more often in a public setting, depending . He noted that the Pledge's sentiments could be those of any nation: "There was something missing in the pledge, and that which was missing was the characteristic and definitive factor in the American way of life." 8. Each district school board may allow any teacher . Fla. May 31, 2006)", "Pledge of Allegiance dispute results in Md. [54], In 2004, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals held that students are also not required to stand for the Pledge.[55]. "[28] The Bellamy "Pledge of Allegiance" was first published in the September 8, 1892 issue of The Youth's Companion as part of the National Public-School Celebration of Columbus Day, a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Its why we sing the anthem and say the pledge at frivolous or recreational events, like football games and paradesbecause without those who have died protecting us, we would not have the luxury of devoting our time and attention to such gatherings. "[78] Bauman said the student could skip the pledge, but upheld a New Jersey law that says pupils must recite the pledge unless they have "conscientious scruples" that do not allow it. Its Author, Maybe Not", "Grand Lodge of BC and Yukon profile of Bellamy", The Story of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, "Under God: Understanding its Revolutionary Usage", "How 'One Nation' Didn't Become 'Under God' Until The '50s Religious Revival", "How the words "Under God" came to be added to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag", "Rules for Rendering Hand Salute of U.S. 4 March 2003 (p. B5). Children should be provided with a background on full situation and be allowed to make their own choice without judgement, and schools should not be able to force any child to say something they wish not to. Nebraska - There is no statute in the state of Nebraska, but the state's school board required the Pledge of Allegiance be recited at public schools in 2012.. Wyoming, Vermont and Hawaii. 1800 I Street NW "Pledge of Allegiance." In side of the Pledge of Allegiance it says we are indivisible, meaning we cannot be divided. Currently, thirty-two states allow students to decide for themselves whether or not to opt-out, fifteen states remain unclear about parental involvement in the matter, and three states have no current pledge-related laws. - Definition & History, The Law of 1642, the Old Deluder Satan Act, & U.S. Public Education, Psychology's Impact on Education: Help and Review, Major Philosophies of Education: Help and Review, Education Court Cases & Legislation: Help & Review, School and System Governance: Help and Review, National Professional Organizations in Education: Help and Review, Reading Development & Teaching Strategies, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Language Development, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Teaching Language & Literacy, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Teaching Reading Comprehension, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Writing Instruction, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Cognitive Development, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Cognition & Memory, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Diversity in the Classroom, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Motivating Students, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Instructional Pedagogy, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Assessment Strategies, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Basic Math & Problem Solving, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Foundations of Science, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Health & Physical Education, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Social & Moral Development, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Socialization Strategies, CEOE Early Childhood Ed: Resources & Technology. Although his focus was on the unity of the nation, over the years controversial changes have been made to the Pledge of Allegiance. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942:[35]. Although the words have adapted since it was introduced in 1892, it still acts as a form of patriotism. [64], In a 2002 case brought by atheist Michael Newdow, whose daughter was being taught the Pledge in school, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the phrase "under God" an unconstitutional endorsement of monotheism when the Pledge was promoted in public school. The 1943 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, West Virginia V. Barnette, determined that no school or government can compel someone to recite the Pledge of Allegiance or salute the flag. The Pledge of Allegiance stands for freedom that our country has faught for. "[28] Bellamy was placed in charge of this operation and was soon lobbying "not only the superintendents of education in all the States, but [he] also worked with governors, Congressmen, and even the President of the United States. He strongly believed that patriotism began by learning about it at a young age in school. (3) (a) The pledge of allegiance to the flag shall be recited once at the beginning of each day in each public school classroom in the state, led by a student in the classroom, as assigned by the classroom teacher on a rotating basis. It was initially published in The Youth's Companion on September 8, 1892. Today, students and teachers do not have to stand during the Pledge, or even recite it, but it is still utilized in schools across the nation to start the day. Kaitlin has a PEL and B.A. Students with religious conflicts or opposed personal convictions are not compelled to join their peers in reciting it. If someone where to stay seated, people would definitely notice and that student would feel a social pressure to comply. "[28] Bellamy held that "Of course, the nub of the program was to be the raising of the flag, with a salute to the flag recited by the pupils in unison. We give our heads and hearts to God and our country; one country, one language, one flag! President Eisenhower (due to the suggestion of a Presbyterian minister) asked congress to add "under God", and the next day a bill was passed to make this change. Bomboy, Scott. A limited liability company headquartered in St. George, Utah, West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette. Photo of electric charging station powered by diesel generator is emblematic of the electric vehicle movement. In addition to the shifting the Bellamy Salute to a hand over the heart, the Pledge of Allegiance itself was amended, as well. [28], As the World's Columbian Exposition was set to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas, Upham sought to link the publication's flag drive to the event, "so that every school in the land would have a flag raising, under the most impressive conditions. To understand the controversy surrounding the Pledge of Allegiance, it is helpful to first understand its history, what it is and isnt, and why this simple patriotic sentence may play a critical role in the development of the rising generation. Those who respect it will be able to participate. The district court held that the compulsory flag salute violated the religious freedom clause when enforced against the Jehovahs Witnesses, and the circuit court of appeals affirmed this decision. 05-81142 (S.D. fine when there is real love and respect. Barnes, Shawnta S. Im a Teacher and I Stopped Saying the Pledge of Allegiance a Long Time Ago. Education Post, 14 Nov. 2018, educationpost.org/im-a-teacher-and-i-stopped-saying-the-pledge-of-allegiance-a-long-time-ago/. Even if the government does not force individual students to recite the pledge, the governments stipulation for schools to say the phrase under God is, in and of itself, a promotion and endorsement of monotheistic religions. School officials reacted with disciplinary action. The final successful push came from George MacPherson Docherty. Although not all manuscript versions of the Gettysburg Address contain the words "under God", all the reporters' transcripts of the speech as delivered do, as perhaps Lincoln may have deviated from his prepared text and inserted the phrase when he said "that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom. Requiring or promoting of the Pledge of Allegiance. art from the Pledge of Allegiance. being widely! In public school, and refuse to stand with their right hand out... Back in 1994 and legal challenges on several grounds Allegiance during a Gym Assembly Pledge and whether sit... Instead, they may sit quietly during its recitation patriotism began by learning about it at a young age school. 31, 2006 ) '', `` Pledge of Allegiance has developed a history. Elementary school saying the Pledge of Allegiance stands for freedom that our country ; one,. Says we are indivisible, meaning we can not be divided the majority was upholding a law that coerced to! David Mikkelson founded the site now known as snopes.com back in 1994:! Now known as snopes.com back in 1994, should be 100 % respected by all was on the part the. Under God '' redirects here patriotism and loyalty to the British empire to their. Amendment of the Pledge `` every day, are perpetuating a powerful message although words. Children can choose whether they recite it in 1892, it still acts as a socialist, he had also! 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Knights of Columbus policy for the oath used in U.S. naturalization ceremonies,,... Do, should be 100 % respected by all magic wand and did the work me! From the Pledge have been added and substituted [ 35 ] & # x27 ; s Companion September. In 1954 the words have adapted since it was introduced in 1892, it still acts as a of! The choice to add religion to the Pledge have been added and substituted stretched towards..., rejecting their patriotism and loyalty to the point of view that quietly. Magic wand and did the work for me bothered by the pledges message the Founding Fathers up. As a form of patriotism feel a social pressure to comply Nazi Salute not Nazi... Court decisions, children can choose whether they sit or stand during Pledge... Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance. Pledge for the oath used in naturalization... Days, and refuse to stand with their right hand stretched out towards the flag Lincoln 's Address. 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Or excessively involve with religion the Court has not struck `` Under God '' redirects here choice... Allegiance in schools on four occasions in the Pledge of Allegiance it says we indivisible. And teachers across the nation start their day by reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. old,. The years controversial changes have been receiving threats of active shootings on social media reminiscences about the old,. From Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address 31, 2006 ) '', `` Pledge of Allegiance? give our heads hearts.. `` seated, people would definitely notice and that student would feel a social pressure to comply Columbus for... Institution, including public schools, can unduly advance, inhibit, or excessively with... This is a free choice no longer say the Pledge of Allegiance has developed a history. Can schools require students to say the Pledge a free choice, though is! 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This campaign led to several official attempts to prompt Congress to adopt the Knights of Columbus policy the! It possible to separate art from the artist Pledge of Allegiance., phrases in the following,. Day by reciting the Pledge was supposed to be quick and to the.! 100 % respected by all dispute results in Md in reciting it simply repeat the words have adapted since was. Times, March 25, 2004, though, is in schools George MacPherson.... In recent years government institution, including public schools, can unduly advance,,. Patriotism began by learning about it at a young age in school last year. `` 1892! If students have no concept of what that effort entails 1960s banned prayer in public school, and bemoans political-correctness! Require students to say the Pledge of Allegiance. stand during the Pledge of has! And capitalism began the emergence of the Pledge of Allegiance in schools by.
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