After the war he served in the German Federal Navy, from which he retired in 1970 with the flag rank of commodore. Rahmlow and his second-in-command, Bernhard Berndt, were found "guilty of cowardice"; the other two officers were "acquitted". During this time, he developed his own theory about submarine warfare. The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. Note that the crew is all wearing fresh coveralls and beards neatly trimmed. Registered in England & Wales No. 2.6K views, 39 likes, 4 loves, 2 comments, 23 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from German U-Boats Crews and Commanders: Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was the most successful German. [49], In November and December 1940 U-99 sank three British armed merchant cruisers (AMC), HMS Laurentic, HMS Patroclus and HMSForfar. Under water U-99 had no chance of catching her. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. . On 1 June 1965, he was promoted to Flottillenadmiral (flotilla admiral/Commodore/Rear Admiral), a rank which he initially held on probation. [24] Following this patrol, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 17 December. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. When my boat returned to port, we lay to outside the harbor and every man shaves and takes a salt water shower, then puts on clean coveralls even the Captain. [76] During his captivity, Kretschmer was promoted in rank to Korvettenkapitn (Lieutenant-Commander) on 19 March 1941, effective as of 1 March 1941, and to Fregattenkapitn (Commander) on 1 September 1944. He commissioned U-99 on 18 April 1940 which was part of the 7th U-boat Flotilla. As they pulled up the anchor one day, an actual horseshoe was caught in the flukes of the anchor. [2] In the aftermath of World War I the Kretschmer family remained aloof from the political turbulence of the Weimar era. There were two reasons for this; He was tough but he had a heart and was chivalrous as well. The seaman did as he was ordered and brought the cap back to OTTO. He sank four ships and damaged three. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. [43] Kretschmer hit and sank the cargo ship Jersey City 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres; 81 miles) northwest of Tory Island[44] while damaging three others, including the 10,973GRT Strinda. The report, filed in the archives, was named "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941". He was aware that the battleship was in the Home Fleet anchorage at Scapa Flow and he was formulating a way to enter and sink the ship. [64] Four ships were sunk, but two U-boats were sunk, one of which was U-47. In his bunk, OTTO felt the sharp downward angle of the boat and was immediately on his feet as the bridge watch tumbled past him all by Schnee, and now green water was flooding through the open hatch from the Zentralle to the conning tower. Kretschmer formed part of "Crew 30" (the incoming class of 1930), 78strong intake of officer candidates. Nazi Admiral Otto Kretschmer was responsible for the sinking of 47 vessels in the space of just 18 months His short but prolific spell on German U-boats accounted for the sinking of 273,043 tons. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. Shortly after he surrendered, OTTO KRETSCHMER fell asleep in an overstuffed chair in the Captains cabin on HMS WALKER. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). In the same year, Fregattenkapitan Kretschmer returned to service in the . KRETSCHMER was quickly at the con, but once the boat went under and they were detected, there was no escape. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. His school report contained the remark: "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. HMS WALKER had drifted several hundred yards from the spot U-99 had disappeared and, still wearing his full set of leathers AND sea boots (filled with water), OTTO made the difficult swim to HMS WALKER only to grab onto the scramble nets as the destroyer was beginning to pick up speed they didnt know he was on the nets! Instead, OKM sent him an administrative officer, H. J. von KNEBEL-DOBERITZ (681-1988) as his new I.W.O. Kretschmer was released from captivity on 31 December 1947, and returned to Germany. When giving their wartime histories, the normal U-Bootfahrer would tell what boat he rode. During the Spanish Civil War, Kretschmer was involved in several patrols as part of the international non-intervention force. So how was it that he was sunk? In 1943, the men dug a tunnel out of the camp ahead of an 870-mile journey across Canada to New Brunswick. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British officers than was his First Lieutenant. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. Kretschmer was taken separately, but his crew had to negotiate the streets of Liverpool and were subjected to missiles thrown by angry civilians; the city had been heavily bombed and was closely linked with the Atlantic war. Walker) and Fregattenkapitan (commander) Kertschmer, became the best of friends. Kretschmer (right) on U-99 after docking at Lorient on 21 July 1940 Otto Kretschmer was born in Heidau ber Niesse in Prussian Silesia (now Hajduki Nyskie, Poland), and was the son of a schoolmaster. The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. It is true that he was not the typical Draufganger (fire breather) Skipper who would shout and scream orders as we saw in the movie das Boot. The crew were permitted ashore at the resort town of San Sebastin. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. [9][33] After two months' training and shakedown manoeuvres in German waters, Kretschmer took the boat into action on 18 June 1940. Her eyes misted up and a smile came to her lips, and then she said; A canal ran along behind the Kretschmer house and here we see Mrs. Kretschmer feeding the ducks with their little Schnauzer Juli. [35] U-99's first patrol ended in Wilhelmshaven on 25 June. The officers were also taken to the prisoner-of-war camp at Grizedale Hall. [6] Kretschmer was present for gunnery exercises in the North and Baltic Sea. In December 1934, he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln, then in January 1936 made the move to the fledgling U-boat service. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. On 1 November 1958, he was transferred to the position of commander of the Bundesmarine's Amphibische Streitkrfte ("amphibious forces"), a position he held until 15 January 1962. Kretschmer travelled the world as he rose up through the ranks, before joining the U-boat service in 1936. It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. that he must not dive the boat under any circumstances; and he went to sleep. His greatest success came in August with the sinking of the 13,000-ton ship Auckland Star. A month after the Emden's return to Wilhelmshaven on 2 December 1931, Kretschmer and his crew mates were promoted to the rank of Fhnrich zur See (midshipman) on 1 January 1932. He became known as the Golden Horseshoe by his men. Otto Kretschmer - nicknamed 'Silent Otto' by his enemies - sank hundreds of thousands of tons of Allied shipping during a brutal U-boat campaign, Sign up for our Exeter newsletter and you'll never miss a big story again. [41] A notable failure on the patrol occurred in the interception of HMS Manistee. Kretschmer was subsequently awarded the Iron Cross second class. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served . [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. The ship did not reach port. They all got along perfectly, and MacIntyre told KRETSCHMER that these were the only truly good bridge games hed had during the war. The ship was loaded with coal, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina. Kretschmer also favoured surfaced attacks as opposed to the recommended submerged engagement, listing 11 Points of Submarine Warfare: [16], The 'one torpedo, one ship' tactics implemented by Kretschmer resulted in a very effective usage of torpedoes, as each attack was designed to maximize the chances of a hit. The establishment of the Wehrmacht (Nazi German Armed Forces) in 1935 divided the major branches of the armed forces. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto", both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of U-boats and for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols. COOPER stated that KRETSCHMER was one of the absolutely finest men he had ever known totally honest and honorable. After sinking the Magog, he gave his crew brandy as a reward. Something went wrong, please try again later. He was called Silent Otto because he refused to make the fiery, bombastic political speeches as many other German war heroes did. German radio acknowledged the capture and the death of Schepke. I gratefully acknowledge the help of Marianna Colasuonno for patiently reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper. This was not the case with U-99. ; otherwise, remain on the surface, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 20:17. Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. [20], On 18 February, Kretschmer sank the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring off the Pentland Firth while she was escorting convoy HN12 from Norway. The main area of operations were the seas and estuaries off East of England and Scotland, with mine-laying operations in the Baltic, to counter the Royal Navy Submarine Service at the end of 1939. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. [52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. He assumed most of the crew went down with the ship; but there were 159 survivors. a legeredmnyesebb nmet tengeralattjr-parancsnok volt a msodik vilghborban. On 16 June 1956, he was tasked with the creation of 1. [43] Following his third war patrol with U-99, Kretschmer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 4 August. His brother was later killed in action. were transferred off and sent to Commanders School so they could command their own boats and KRETSCHMER asked for battle experienced officers as replacements. On 3 August 1998, they were on a luxury cruise boat on the Donau (Danube) River celebrating their 50th (Golden) wedding anniversary. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. As U-99 returns from an early Feindfahrt, we see that the crew is neatly arranged (photo left) on the deck and there is no White Cap on the Skipper. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. Prien along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge attack. In a rush of roiling water that must have looked like a surfacing submarine, Papa Swan came roaring out of the water heading right at Juli who decided that it was time to leave but with about six feet of wingspan flailing about and huge clawed feet ripping chunks of OTTOs grass up, Papa Swan was hot after Juli all the while making a tremendous hissing sound. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. 12 ships were sunk in total. He then caused havoc in the rest of the convoy, winning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. [70], Kretschmer and his crew were landed in Liverpool. A British intelligence report on him said: "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. COOPER said that this was one of the warmest compliments he had ever received. [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. After the completion of his submariner training he was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (senior-sub lieutenant/Lieutenant Junior Grade)[12] on 1 June 1936. [69] Kretschmer surfaced and, under fire from the British vessels, scuttled his boat. A single torpedo was fired, then Kretschmer ordered a u-turn and sped away on the surface; the destroyers neither sighted him nor detected him with ASDIC. Otto Kretschmer was the Watch Officer of U-35 from 03 November 1936 - 30 July 1937. "On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. Kretschmer then met Hitler at the Reich Chancellery and he repeated his opinions on the war situation. She told COOPER that he was such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like him. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. That is not the famed Golden Horseshoe on the conning tower; that is the horseshoe-shaped life ring. Kretschmer was transferred to the training ship Niobe (1 July 1930 9 October 1930), attaining the rank of Seekadett (cadet) on 9 October 1930 before embarking on a 14-month stay on board the cruiser Emden (10 October 1930 4 January 1932), which took him to the Far East through the Mediterranean and Suez canal. Kretschmer was presented with an opportunity to put his "one torpedo, one ship" mantra into practice. His wife was so devastated that she just gave up and died two years later, almost to the day. This third patrol on U-99, took the boat into the North Atlantic, into the North Channel and west of Ireland. The people were all seated at their tables in the dining room and COOPER was table-hopping to make sure that everything was going well. Kretschmer waited for the crew to take to the lifeboats before destroying the ship with a torpedo. [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. He was the best of the best he knew how to penetrate a destroyer screen and because he had lived in England and studied at Cambridge prior to the war, he read the English and French tactical books on anti-submarine warfare in the captured French HQ in Brest he knew what depth settings the Royal Navy used and so he kept his boat at depths they did not set on their charges. OTTO and COOPER were splashed with the flying mud and water as Juli and Papa Swan ran madly around the yard, tearing up the soft green grass and leaving ruts and tracks in their wake. The ship was accompanied by three other vessels, but she was darkened and the black out aroused Kretschmer's suspicions. [13], He was given interim command of U-35 in August 1937, and this appointment coincided with Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil War. U-99 is preparing for her first Feindfahrt (war patrol), taking on supplies. Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. Kretschmer was born in Heidau near Neisse, then in the German Empire on 1 May 1912 to Friedrich Wilhelm Otto and Alice (ne Herbig) Kretschmer. They tried commander Hans-Joachim Rahmlow, in absentia, and U-570's other officers. [20] Kretschmer departed from Kiel for the third war patrol on 1 October. Click on the prints to see their descriptions. Studies in Marine Corps History and Amphibious Warfare, Studies in Naval History and Sea Power series. He died in 1998 in Bavaria. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. [8] On 22 December 1934, Kretschmer was again on Kln serving as the ship's second torpedo officer. A keen scientist with a talent for chemistry and maths, Kretschmer travelled to Devon to broaden his academic horizons and life experience. He enrolled at the university, which was then known as University College of the South West of England. Kretschmer captured the vessel, the only such ship seized by U-99. Kretschmer was born in Heidau in what is now part of Poland, but then belonged to Germany. Kretschmer was also involved in the Battle of Bowmanville. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. [9] Kretschmer joined the U-boat service in January 1936. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. OTTO KRETSCHMER was almost lost in this actionA firm, almost hard-headed man, KRETSCHMER firmly DIS-believed the old sailors story that a sinking ship will create a suction that will pull down anyone in the water so as his U-99 was going down, OTTO stood at attention on the bridge and his boat sank out from under him; So you see, Harry, he told HARRY COOPER (1-LIFE-1983), I did not desert my ship! [48] Kretschmer recommended his helmsman Stabsobersteuermann Heinrich Petersen for the Knight's Cross after twelve war patrols for saving U-99 from enemy detection. Kretschmer was soon missed and the U-boat surfaced to find him before he succumbed to the cold. Otto had 4 siblings: Cecilie Hulda and 3 other siblings. He participated in the 2nd officers training course held at the former NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen. 1) Black Otto Walter no.12.507.- prismen glaser8x40 reflexfreie on right side. [7] During this assignment, Kretschmer was promoted to Oberfhnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman) on 1 April 1934. Our DVD-56 features OTTO KRETSCHMER and you may get a glimpse of that DVD click here: SCENE 1 SCENE 2 SCENE 3, OTTO KRETSCHMER was with us for several of our Patrols in Germany and also in the USA. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. Unfortunately, his mother died from tetanus after a medical incident, so he returned home to be with his family. [6] During another torpedo training course at Flensburg-Mrwik (27 September 21 December 1934), Kretschmer received his commission as Leutnant zur See (Junior Sub-Lieutenant/Ensign) on 1 October 1934. He departed from Wilhelmshaven for his eighth war patrol on 9 February. left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. I obey the rules. 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