Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. At the bottom of the card, he signed his name as "Wallie Dodd Ford". Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This is my own personal theory and it is out there so this is a fair warning: I believe that Ford was a FBI plant sent in as a cointel agent to gather intelligence on the civil rights movement that would getting traction in many inner city's and southern States. He was ultimately forced to leave Detroit because of an allegation that he encouraged one of his followers to engage in a ritual of human sacrifice. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. In fact, some of the most mysterious individuals who have graced this Earth have left the most indelible marks upon our books and records. Ford looks Middle Eastern in the mugshot. They must clean themselves up both their bodies and their houses. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. Others, however, suggest that he was killed by [Sheik Claude] Greene's partisans. Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. WebWallace Fard, also known as Master Wali Farrad Muhammad, founded the Lost and Found Nation of Islam and served as its leader until his mysterious disappearance in the early 1930s. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. In 1934, he disappeared from public record, and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Fard, 2017, by A.K. Fards demise as the leader of the temple was brought upon him when, on Thanksgiving Day in 1932, one of his followers, Robert Harris, renamed Robert Karriem, committed a human sacrifice in order to bring himself closer to Allah. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He could very plausibly be Maori from New Zealand trying to pass as an Arab, or he could genuinely be Arabic. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. There were rumors about his whereabouts until the 1990s, when some believed he was still alive and living somewhere in California. Fard pleaded innocence and claimed he had no involvement in the murder. He provided no known place of birth for his parents nor his date of immigration. During our colored and Negro days, he was Black. So said Jesse Jackson shortly after the H, According to accounts of the origins of the Nation of Islam (NOI), in the 1930s in "Paradise Valley" in Detroit, a silk peddler named W. D. Fard bega, The expansion of Islam historically embraces two phenomena. The culprits vary depending on who's talking. Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. He was an adviser of Elijah Muhammad since the late 1950s and was the tutor of his son and successor Warith Deen Mohammed. There is some evidence that Fard lived at least until the 1960s; his alleged lover stated that he had returned to New Zealand. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. He also gave his fathers birthplace as Argentina and his mothers birthplace as Oregon. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. 1960. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. The FBI then tracked down Wallie D. Ford's caucasian ex-wife, Hazel Evalsizer, living in LA. Arian, posits that Muhammad arrived in Seattle, Washington, from Karachi, Pakistan in 1904 under the names Alam Khan and Khanialam Khan. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. It's strange that he never attempted further contact with his followers, however. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. rcel.async = true; [34][bettersourceneeded], As of 1920, Ford was still living in Los Angeles as 26-year-old Wallie D. Ford, with his 25-year-old wife, Hazel E. Ford. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. Fard disappeared in 1934. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. But none can be verified and he is almost certainly long dead now. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Black Muslims After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. Some sects within the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was murdered. April 15, 2022. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. Ugh, I've been going back and forth for the past ten minutes trying to decide if I think the pictures in link 1 and link 2 are of the same person. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. [44], On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago New Crusader newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for Hitler in World War II". According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. A 1957 FBI report stated that Muhammad previously lived in Portland, Oregon, under the alias Fred Dodd, and in Los Angeles and Chicago as Wallie/Wallace Dodd Ford. It says that Wallace Fard "is awaiting an immigration hearing. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. [61], Fard wrote, in his instructions to the leaders of his community, that they should "copy the Answers of Lesson of Minister Elijah Muhammad. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Elijah Muhammad, who took the position of leader of the Nation of Islam after Fard's disappearance, railed agaist the media claims that Ford was Fard. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. Fard taught that approximately 6,000 years ago a black scientist named Yakub conducted gene-manipulation experiments that resulted in the creation of the inferior white race. Contemporary American Religion. This is the story that stuck. ", Fard used the name "W. F. Muhammad" on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934. Contemporary American Religion. ." By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. ", Beynon refers to some of the lessons by Fard as an "oral tradition" that was recorded at the University of Islam as the "Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam." All Rights Reserved. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. '"[59], Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. To this day, nobody knows. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. 1962. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. He stated that he was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a Black African father and a Russian Jewish mother, from the Caucasus. But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. How that ALLAH would separate us from the Devils and, then destroy them; and Change us into a New and Perfect People; and Fill the Earth with FREEDOM, JUSTICE and EQUALITY as it was filled with wickedness; and Making we, the Poor Lost-Founds, the Perfect RULERS."[25]. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. I don't know what to think. 5 (54) Obviously, there are some major differences of opinion here. A fully equipped kitchen is available with all of the cooking essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. Islam in the African AmericanExperience. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. To further muddy the waters, C.E. Excellent write-up! rcds.appendChild(rcel); The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. His very name is uncertain. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. There is No God but ALLAH. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Learn how your comment data is processed. He began to denounce the Bible, criticizing its passages, to the shock of his followers, until eventually he phased out his Bible readings and began teaching from the Quran. Farrakhan referred to the knowledge that Fard passed onto the NOI as actual facts. (The speech is at the Nations Web site at www.noi.org.). He taught us the truth of how we were made 'slaves' and how we are kept in slavery by the 'slave-masters children. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. From then onwards, he is untraceable. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. Fard preached that blacks (who were not to be called Negroes) must prepare for an inevitable race war and that Christianity was the religion of slaveowners. I have no idea who Fard was but I doubt he was black, which is ironic. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Spread throughout the black community stated that he had returned to New Zealand suggested that never... June 1934, Fard used the name `` W. F. Muhammad '' on several lessons written in parentheses a. A trace abdullah himself denied that he had been killed by police innocence and claimed he had to! Abdullah himself denied that he was, in fact, diabetic suggest that he other! You have any questions all of the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black Nationalist thinkers, the teaches. Style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style stated that he black! Prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee become! 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